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물과 성령으로 나지 아니하면(John 3:5b)

According to the Greek text, there is only one preposition (εξ) before “water” and “Spirit.” Had there been two prepositions, we could say that Jesus was speaking of two different experiences. But the construction in Greek seems to indicate that Jesus was speaking of one experience with two aspects. Thus, the water could signify the cleansing and life-giving action of the Spirit. This is substantiated by 7:37–39, where the Spirit is likened to flowing waters, and by Titus 3:5, where the Spirit is said to both cleanse and regenerate, and by Ezek 36:25–27, where the cleansing and regeneration of Israel are associated with the Spirit. However this passage is to be interpreted, it must be done with the inclusion of εξ υδατος, which is supported by all Greek witnesses. To conjecture (as do some modern exegetes) that it was added by scribes or a redactor wanting to supply a reference to water baptism is to decide against nearly all external testimony.

John 3:5b

 

 Comfort, Philip W. 2008. New Testament Text and Translation Commentary: Commentary on the Variant Readings of the Ancient New Testament Manuscripts and How They Relate to the Major English Translations. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.

 

그리스어 원문에 따르면, "물"과 "성령" 앞에는 단 하나의 전치사(εξ)만이 있습니다. 만약 두 개의 전치사가 있었다면, 예수님께서 두 가지 다른 경험에 대해 말씀하신 것이라고 말할 수 있었을 것입니다. 그러나 그리스어 구문은 예수님께서 두 가지 측면을 가진 하나의 경험에 대해 말씀하신 것으로 보입니다. 따라서 "물"은 성령의 정결케 하시고 생명을 주시는 행위를 상징할 수 있습니다. 이는 요한복음 7:37-39에서 성령이 흐르는 물에 비유된 것과, 디도서 3:5에서 성령이 정결케 하시고 거듭나게 하시는 것으로 언급된 것, 그리고 에스겔 36:25-27에서 이스라엘의 정결과 거듭남이 성령과 연관된 것으로 나타난 점에 의해 뒷받침됩니다. 이 구절이 어떻게 해석되든지 간에, 모든 그리스어 사본들이 지지하는 εξ υδατος(물로부터)라는 표현을 포함하여 해석되어야 합니다. 일부 현대 주석가들이 주장하는 것처럼, 물 세례에 대한 언급을 보충하기 위해 필경사나 편집자가 덧붙였다는 추측은 거의 모든 외부 증거에 반하는 결정입니다.